M'malo opangira kutentha ndi kuzizira, mapampu otentha atuluka ngati njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yosamalira chilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo okhala, malonda, ndi mafakitale kuti apereke ntchito zotenthetsa komanso zoziziritsa. Kuti mumvetse bwino kufunika ndi ntchito ya mapampu otentha, m'pofunika kufufuza mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito komanso lingaliro la Coefficient of Performance (COP).
Mfundo Zogwirira Ntchito za Pampu Zotentha
Basic Concept
Pampu yotentha kwenikweni ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasamutsa kutentha kuchokera kumalo amodzi kupita ku ena. Mosiyana ndi machitidwe otenthetsera achikhalidwe omwe amapanga kutentha kupyolera mu kuyaka kapena kukana magetsi, mapampu otentha amasuntha kutentha komwe kulipo kuchokera kumalo ozizira kupita kumalo otentha. Njirayi ikufanana ndi momwe firiji imagwirira ntchito, koma mosiyana. Firiji imatulutsa kutentha mkati mwake ndikuitulutsa kumalo ozungulira, pamene pampu yotentha imatulutsa kutentha kuchokera kunja ndikutulutsa m'nyumba.
The Refrigeration Cycle
Kugwira ntchito kwa pampu yotentha kumatengera nyengo ya firiji, yomwe imaphatikizapo zigawo zinayi zazikulu: evaporator, compressor, condenser, ndi valve yowonjezera. Pano pali kufotokozera pang'onopang'ono momwe zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi:
- Evaporator: Njirayi imayamba ndi evaporator, yomwe imakhala pamalo ozizira (mwachitsanzo, kunja kwa nyumba). Refrigerant, chinthu chokhala ndi malo owira pang'ono, chimatenga kutentha kuchokera kumlengalenga kapena pansi. Pamene chimatenga kutentha, furiji imasintha kuchoka ku madzi kupita ku gasi. Kusintha kwa gawoli ndikofunikira chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti firiji ikhale ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
- Compressor: Refrigerant ya mpweya ndiye imasunthira ku kompresa. Compressor imawonjezera kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa refrigerant poyikakamiza. Sitepe iyi ndi yofunika chifukwa imakweza kutentha kwa firiji kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kuposa kutentha komwe kumafunikira m'nyumba. Firiji yothamanga kwambiri, yotentha kwambiri tsopano yakonzeka kutulutsa kutentha kwake.
- Condenser: Gawo lotsatira likukhudza condenser, yomwe ili m'malo otentha (mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa nyumba). Pano, firiji yotentha, yothamanga kwambiri imatulutsa kutentha kwake ku mpweya wozungulira kapena madzi. Pamene furiji imatulutsa kutentha, imazizira ndikusintha kuchoka ku gasi kukhala madzi. Kusintha kwa gawoli kumatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa malo amkati.
- Vavu yowonjezera: Pomaliza, refrigerant yamadzimadzi imadutsa mu valve yowonjezera, yomwe imachepetsa kuthamanga kwake ndi kutentha. Sitepe iyi imakonzekeretsa refrigerant kuti itenge kutentha kachiwiri mu evaporator, ndipo kuzungulira kumabwereza.
Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Tanthauzo
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) ndi muyeso wa mphamvu ya pampu kutentha. Zimatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumaperekedwa (kapena kuchotsedwa) ku kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mawu osavuta, imatiuza kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe pampu yotentha imatha kupanga pamagetsi aliwonse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.
Mwamasamu, COP imawonetsedwa motere:
COP=Nkhani Zamagetsi Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito (W) Kutentha Kwaperekedwa (Q).
Pampu yotentha ikakhala ndi COP (Coefficient of Performance) ya 5.0, imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zamagetsi poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwamagetsi kwachikhalidwe. Pano pali kusanthula ndi kuwerengera mwatsatanetsatane:
Kuyerekeza kwa Mphamvu Zamagetsi
Kutentha kwachikhalidwe kwamagetsi kumakhala ndi COP ya 1.0, kutanthauza kuti imapanga 1 unit ya kutentha kwa 1 kWh iliyonse yamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi izi, pampu yotentha yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0 imapanga mayunitsi 5 a kutentha kwa 1 kWh iliyonse yamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa kutentha kwanthawi zonse kwamagetsi.
Kuwerengera Mtengo Wamagetsi
Kungoganiza kufunikira kopanga mayunitsi 100 a kutentha:
- Kutentha Kwachikhalidwe Kwamagetsi: Imafunika 100 kWh yamagetsi.
- Pampu Yotentha yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0: Zimangofunika 20 kWh yamagetsi (mayunitsi 100 a kutentha ÷ 5.0).
Ngati mtengo wamagetsi ndi 0.5€ pa kWh:
- Kutentha Kwachikhalidwe Kwamagetsi: Mtengo wamagetsi ndi 50€ (100 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Pampu Yotentha yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0: Mtengo wamagetsi ndi 10€ (20 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Ndalama Zosungira
Pampu yotentha imatha kupulumutsa 80% pamagetsi amagetsi poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwachikhalidwe kwamagetsi ((50 - 10) ÷ 50 = 80%).
Chitsanzo Chothandiza
Pochita ntchito, monga madzi otentha apanyumba, lingalirani kuti malita 200 amadzi ayenera kutenthedwa kuchokera ku 15 ° C mpaka 55 ° C tsiku lililonse:
- Kutentha Kwachikhalidwe Kwamagetsi: Imawononga pafupifupi 38.77 kWh yamagetsi (poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa 90%).
- Pampu Yotentha yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0: Imawononga pafupifupi 7.75 kWh yamagetsi (38.77 kWh ÷ 5.0).
Pa mtengo wamagetsi wa 0.5€ pa kWh:
- Kutentha Kwachikhalidwe Kwamagetsi: Mtengo wamagetsi watsiku ndi tsiku ndi pafupifupi 19.39€ (38.77 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Pampu Yotentha yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0: Mtengo wamagetsi watsiku ndi tsiku ndi pafupifupi 3.88€ (7.75 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Chiyerekezo cha Kusungirako Pa Avareji ya Mabanja: Pampu Zotentha ndi Kutentha kwa Gasi Wachilengedwe
Kutengera kuyerekeza kwamakampani komanso mayendedwe amitengo yamagetsi ku Europe:
| Kanthu | Kutentha kwa Gasi Wachilengedwe | Kutentha Pampu Kutentha | Kuyerekeza Kusiyana Kwapachaka |
| Mtengo Wapakati Pachaka wa Mphamvu Zamagetsi | €1,200–€1,500 | €600–900 | Kusungirako pafupifupi. €300–€900 |
| CO₂ Emissions (matani/chaka) | 3-5 matani | 1-2 matani | Kuchepetsa pafupifupi. 2-3 matani |
Zindikirani:Ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mitengo yamagetsi ndi gasi yadziko, mtundu wanyumba zotsekera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yotentha. Mayiko monga Germany, France, ndi Italy amakonda kusonyeza kusunga ndalama zambiri, makamaka pamene thandizo la boma likupezeka.
Hien R290 EocForce Serie 6-16kW Pampu Yotentha: Monobloc Air to Water Heat Pump
Zofunika Kwambiri:
Zonse-mu-Chimodzi Ntchito: Kutentha, kuziziritsa, ndi ntchito zamadzi otentha apanyumba
Zosintha za Voltage: 220-240 V kapena 380-420 V
Kapangidwe Kochepa: 6–16 kW mayunitsi apang'ono
Refrigerant Eco-Friendly: Green R290 refrigerant
Whisper-Quiet Ntchito: 40.5 dB(A) pa 1 m
Mphamvu Zamagetsi:SCOP Mpaka 5.19
Kutentha Kwambiri: Kuchita kokhazikika pa -20 °C
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Kwambiri: A+++
Smart Control ndi PV-okonzeka
Anti-legionella ntchito: Max Outlet Water Temp.75ºC
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-10-2025