Mu ukadaulo wa kutentha ndi kuziziritsa, mapampu otentha aonekera ngati njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yosamalira chilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba, m'mabizinesi, komanso m'mafakitale kuti apereke ntchito zotenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa. Kuti timvetse bwino kufunika ndi momwe mapampu otentha amagwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kufufuza mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito komanso lingaliro la Coefficient of Performance (COP).
Mfundo Zogwirira Ntchito za Mapampu Otentha
Lingaliro Loyambira
Pampu yotenthetsera kwenikweni ndi chipangizo chomwe chimasamutsa kutentha kuchokera pamalo ena kupita kwina. Mosiyana ndi njira zotenthetsera zachikhalidwe zomwe zimapanga kutentha kudzera mu kuyaka kapena kukana magetsi, mapampu otenthetsera amasuntha kutentha komwe kulipo kuchokera pamalo ozizira kupita kumalo ofunda. Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi momwe firiji imagwirira ntchito, koma mosiyana. Firiji imatulutsa kutentha mkati mwake ndikukutulutsa kumalo ozungulira, pomwe pampu yotenthetsera imatulutsa kutentha kuchokera kumalo akunja ndikukutulutsa mkati.
Kuzungulira kwa Firiji
Kugwira ntchito kwa pampu yotenthetsera kumadalira nthawi yoziziritsira, yomwe imaphatikizapo zigawo zinayi zazikulu: evaporator, compressor, condenser, ndi valavu yowonjezera. Nayi kufotokozera pang'onopang'ono momwe zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi:
- Chotenthetsera madzi: Njirayi imayamba ndi evaporator, yomwe ili pamalo ozizira (monga kunja kwa nyumba). Refrigerant, chinthu chomwe chili ndi kutentha kochepa, chimayamwa kutentha kuchokera mumlengalenga kapena pansi. Pamene chimatenga kutentha, refrigerant imasintha kuchoka pamadzimadzi kupita ku mpweya. Kusintha kwa gawoli ndikofunikira chifukwa kumalola refrigerant kunyamula kutentha kwakukulu.
- kompresa: Mpweya woziziritsa mpweya umapita ku compressor. Compressor imawonjezera mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa refrigerant poifinya. Gawo ili ndi lofunika chifukwa limakweza kutentha kwa refrigerant kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kuposa kutentha komwe kumafunidwa mkati. Mpweya woziziritsa mpweya wozizira kwambiri tsopano wakonzeka kutulutsa kutentha kwake.
- Chokondensa: Gawo lotsatira likukhudza condenser, yomwe ili pamalo otentha (monga mkati mwa nyumba). Apa, refrigerant yotentha komanso yothamanga kwambiri imatulutsa kutentha kwake ku mpweya kapena madzi ozungulira. Refrigerant ikatulutsa kutentha, imazizira ndipo imasintha kuchoka pa mpweya kukhala madzi. Kusintha kwa gawoli kumatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha malo amkati.
- Valavu YokulitsaPomaliza, firiji yamadzimadzi imadutsa mu valavu yokulitsa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwake ndi kutentha kwake. Gawoli limakonzekeretsa firiji kuti itengenso kutentha mu evaporator, ndipo kuzungulirako kumabwerezanso.
Koyenera ya Magwiridwe Antchito (COP)
Tanthauzo
Coefficient of Performance (COP) ndi muyeso wa mphamvu ya pampu yotenthetsera. Imatanthauzidwa ngati chiŵerengero cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumaperekedwa (kapena kuchotsedwa) ku kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachidule, imatiuza kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe pampu yotenthetsera ingapangitse pa gawo lililonse la magetsi lomwe imagwiritsa ntchito.
Mwa masamu, COP imafotokozedwa motere:
COP=Mphamvu Zamagetsi Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito (W) Kutentha Koperekedwa (Q)
Pamene chotenthetsera chili ndi COP (Coefficient of Performance) ya 5.0, chimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zamagetsi poyerekeza ndi zotenthetsera zamagetsi zachikhalidwe. Nayi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane ndi kuwerengera:
Kuyerekeza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera
Kutentha kwamagetsi kwachikhalidwe kumakhala ndi COP ya 1.0, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kumapanga unit imodzi ya kutentha pa 1 kWh iliyonse yamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pampu yotenthetsera yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0 imapanga mayunitsi 5 a kutentha pa 1 kWh iliyonse yamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri kuposa kutentha kwamagetsi kwachikhalidwe.
Kuwerengera Ndalama Zosungira Magetsi
Kuganiza kuti pakufunika kupanga mayunitsi 100 a kutentha:
- Kutentha kwa Magetsi Kwachikhalidwe: Imafuna magetsi a 100 kWh.
- Pompo Yotenthetsera Yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0: Imangofunika magetsi a 20 kWh (mayunitsi 100 a kutentha ÷ 5.0).
Ngati mtengo wamagetsi ndi 0.5€ pa kWh:
- Kutentha kwa Magetsi Kwachikhalidwe: Mtengo wamagetsi ndi 50€ (100 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Pompo Yotenthetsera Yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0Mtengo wamagetsi ndi 10€ (20 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Chiŵerengero cha Zosungira
Pompo yotenthetsera imatha kusunga 80% pa ma bilu amagetsi poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwamagetsi kwachikhalidwe ((50 - 10) ÷ 50 = 80%).
Chitsanzo Chothandiza
Mu ntchito zothandiza, monga madzi otentha apakhomo, tiyerekeze kuti malita 200 a madzi ayenera kutenthedwa kuyambira 15°C mpaka 55°C tsiku lililonse:
- Kutentha kwa Magetsi Kwachikhalidwe: Imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi pafupifupi 38.77 kWh (poganiza kuti kutentha kwake kuli koyenera 90%).
- Pompo Yotenthetsera Yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0: Imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi pafupifupi 7.75 kWh (38.77 kWh ÷ 5.0).
Pamtengo wamagetsi wa 0.5€ pa kWh:
- Kutentha kwa Magetsi Kwachikhalidwe: Mtengo wamagetsi wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi pafupifupi 19.39€ (38.77 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
- Pompo Yotenthetsera Yokhala ndi COP ya 5.0: Mtengo wamagetsi wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi pafupifupi 3.88€ (7.75 kWh × 0.5€/kWh).
Ndalama Zosungidwa Zoyerekeza za Mabanja Apakati: Mapampu Otenthetsera ndi Kutentha kwa Gasi Wachilengedwe
Kutengera kuyerekezera kwa mafakitale onse komanso momwe mitengo yamagetsi ikusinthira ku Europe:
| Chinthu | Kutentha kwa Gasi Wachilengedwe | Kutentha kwa Pampu Yotenthetsera | Kusiyana Kwapachaka Koyerekeza |
| Mtengo Wapakati wa Mphamvu Pachaka | €1,200–€1,500 | €600–€900 | Ndalama zosungidwa kuyambira pafupifupi €300–€900 |
| Utsi wa CO₂ (matani pachaka) | matani 3–5 | Matani 1–2 | Kuchepetsa pafupifupi matani 2–3 |
Zindikirani:Ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa zimasiyana malinga ndi mitengo yamagetsi ndi gasi m'dziko lonselo, mtundu wa kutchinjiriza nyumba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa makina otenthetsera. Mayiko monga Germany, France, ndi Italy nthawi zambiri amasunga ndalama zambiri, makamaka ngati ndalama zothandizira boma zilipo.
Hien R290 EocForce Series 6-16kW Heat Pump: Monobloc Air to Water Heat Pump
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri:
Ntchito Zonse-mu-Chimodzi: Kutenthetsa, kuziziritsa, ndi ntchito zamadzi otentha apakhomo
Zosankha Zosinthasintha za Voltage: 220–240 V kapena 380–420 V
Kapangidwe Kakang'ono: 6–16 kW mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono
Firiji Yochezeka ndi Zachilengedwe: Firiji Yobiriwira ya R290
Ntchito Yochetetsa: 40.5 dB(A) pa 1 m
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Mwachangu: SCOP Mpaka 5.19
Kugwira Ntchito Kwambiri pa Kutentha: Kugwira ntchito kokhazikika pa -20 °C
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Mwapamwamba: A+++
Kuwongolera Mwanzeru komanso okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito PV
Ntchito yotsutsana ndi legionella: Max Outlet Water Temp.75ºC
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-10-2025